Census in India likely in 2025, no clarity over inclusion of Caste, Sect related info could be sought
After a four-year delay, the Indian Census is poised to start in 2025, a crucial nationwide project last conducted in 2011. Although initially planned for 2021, the census was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Government sources indicate that, barring further delays, data collection will commence next year and conclude by 2026, marking a major update in census timing, frequency, and content.
Shift in Census Cycle
Traditionally, India has conducted its census every ten years, with enumeration starting in the first year of each new decade (such as 1991, 2001, and 2011). However, this upcoming census marks a significant shift, as future rounds will now follow a new pattern every decade: 2025, 2035, 2045, and 2055. This change in cycle results from pandemic disruptions, with the government adjusting the schedule to ensure regular data collection without large gaps.
Potential for Caste-Based Census
Caste-based enumeration remains a topic of considerable public and political interest, with opposition parties and some government allies calling for a caste-based census to obtain more granular demographic data. Key players like the Janata Dal (United) and the Telugu Desam Party have advocated for the inclusion of caste data, which they argue would address underrepresented communities' needs and bolster social policies. The government, however, has yet to make a formal decision regarding this addition. According to insiders, any inclusion of caste-based questions is still under discussion, making it uncertain whether this sensitive data will be collected in 2025.
Community and Sect-Based Questions
The census has always collected data on religion and social classes (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes). However, this year may see a new addition: a category for sect affiliation, capturing detailed information on groups within broader religious and social communities. For example, in Karnataka, some members of the Lingayat community, part of the general caste category, consider themselves a separate sect. Similarly, among Scheduled Castes, sub-groups such as the Valmiki and Ravidas communities could be enumerated as distinct sects. The government is reportedly assessing this demand, which would add a deeper layer of community-specific insights to the census.
Digital Census for the First Time
India’s 2025 Census will break new ground as the first to be conducted digitally. The government has developed a dedicated digital portal designed to streamline data collection and increase efficiency. This portal may eventually accommodate caste-based data, should the government decide to incorporate it, with safeguards to ensure data accuracy and privacy. This digital transition aims to reduce manual errors and accelerate the processing of census results, ultimately leading to a more precise understanding of the population.
Implications for Lok Sabha Constituencies and Representation
Once the census data collection is completed in 2026, it will pave the way for the delimitation of Lok Sabha constituencies—a significant process that redraws constituency boundaries to reflect population shifts. The delimitation is projected to be finalized by 2028, potentially influencing electoral representation across states and ensuring more accurate representation based on the latest demographic data. This adjustment could also address long-standing demands for fair representation and equitable resource allocation.
History and Evolution of the Indian Census
India’s census has a rich history dating back to 1872, under the tenure of Governor-General Lord Mayo. The first complete census took place in 1881, led by Commissioner W.C. Plowden, and since then, India has consistently conducted a decadal census, barring a few interruptions. The inaugural census of independent India occurred in 1951, setting a pattern of ten-year intervals. In recent years, the demand for more inclusive and comprehensive data collection has grown, and the upcoming census aims to meet these evolving needs by adapting to technological and social changes.
Broader Considerations: Religious and Caste Data Collection
Over the years, India’s census has gathered data on religion and social classes but has not fully delved into caste and community-specific details, particularly at a granular level. Given the socio-political complexities of caste and community affiliation, the inclusion of such data could inform social policy and economic planning, allowing the government to identify gaps in development and areas requiring targeted support. However, balancing inclusivity with privacy and security is paramount, as sensitive data requires careful handling to prevent misuse.
The Road Ahead: Policy and Preparations
Although the exact start date for the census remains unannounced, preparations are underway at various government levels. The Registrar General’s office is making logistical arrangements to handle a project of such magnitude, and policymakers are still deliberating on the content and scope. With the census potentially taking two years to complete, all eyes are on the government’s upcoming decisions about caste, community, and digital transition, which could set new precedents in India’s approach to demographic research.
In conclusion, India’s 2025 Census stands to be a landmark initiative, reflecting the country’s socio-political diversity and addressing modern demographic needs. With the potential for including caste and sect data, it promises a comprehensive portrait of the Indian populace. This census will not only redefine data collection methods but will also offer insights critical for policymaking, resource allocation, and democratic representation in the world’s largest democracy.